7种蔷薇属药用植物蛋白质含量的检测

7种蔷薇属药用植物的抗氧化能力、重金属、矿物质和蛋白质含量的评价Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity, Heavy Metal, Mineral and Protein Contents of Some Medicinal Plants7种蔷薇属药用植物的叶片烘干粉碎后使用格哈特公司 全自动杜马斯定氮仪 杜马森Dumatherm检测氮和蛋白质含量称量50毫克植物粉末样品在锡杯中在仪器中900ºC 燃烧检测蛋白质含量The leaves were dried in the dark at room temperature (22 ±2°C) and were ground with a grinding mill . After the dried  plant samples were ground, nitrogen and protein  amounts were determined with the Dumatherm Nitrogen-Protein device (Gerthardt Analytical System,  Germany).50 mg of pulverised plant sample was weighed and burned in aluminium tin cups at 900ºC in the device to determine  the amount of protein. BLILERSOYNOW JOURNALDERGiSIVan Sag Bil Derg2022；15(Ozel Sayi)：224-232 Van Sag Bil Derg 2022；15(Ozel Sayt)：224-232225 Cited： Gormez G. Assess-ment of antioxidant capacity，heavy metal， mineral and protein contents of some me-dicinal Fplants selected in Van， Turkey. Van Sag Bil Derg 2022， 15，(Ozel Sayi) 224-232. h ttps：//doi.org/10.52976/van-s aglik.1189439 Received date：14/10/2022 Accepted date：18/11/2022 Published date： 30/11/2022 1Van Yuziincu Yil Universitesi ， Saglik Bilimleri Fakiltesi ， Beslenme ve Diyetetik Boliimii， Van ， TURKiYE.*C Sorumlu yazar： Gi u il GORMEZ； E -mail： g ulgo rmez@yyu.edu.tr . OZET Amag： Rosa canina L.， Malus domestica L.， Prunus persica L Siebold & Zucc.， Cydonia oblong a Mi l l .， Armenica vul-garis Lam.， ve Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem.， Rosaceae f ami l yasina ait， gida， parfuim， kozmetik， boya， icecek gibi cok cesit l i sanayi kollarinda kullanilan， ekonomik ve t i bbi kullanim acisindan onemli meyvelerdir. Tibbi bitkiler hastaliklara karsi dogal bilesenleri i le etki gosterseler de toksik ve istenmeyen yan etkilere neden olabi li rler.Bitkilerin tedavi， gida veya kozmetik amacli kullanilmadan once agir metal ， mineral， protein ve antioksidan kapasiteleri acisindan i ncelenmesi i nsan sagligi ve gida giivenligi acisindan onemlidir. Van-Turkiye'de kult u iru yapilan bazi tibbi bitkiler i n agir metal (Al， Cr， Cu， Co， Zn)， mineral (Fe， Mg， Na， Ca， K)， protein ve antioksidan kapasiteleri belir l enerek， gida ve tibbi kullanim acisindan giivenliklerini degerlendirildi. Materyal ve Metot： Liyofil i ze edilen bitki l er yas yakma (mikrodalga) cihaziyla coziinur l est ir ildikten sonra ICPOES cihazinda Al ， Cr， Cu， Co， Zn， AAS cihazinda Fe， Mg， Na， Ca， K elementler i analiz edildi. Protein ana-lizleri Gerthardt Dumatherm yontemiyle yapildi . Antioksidan kapasite analiz i icin Cuprac yontemi kullanildi.Bulgular： Tespi t edilen degerler (mg kg-) su sekildedir： Al 10.753-20.407， Co 0.007-9.664， Cr 0.119-0.411， Cu 2.409-6.554， Zn 23.426-33.891， Ca 743.0-2501.7， Fe 31.7-117.6， K 3555.2-4202.9， Mg 498.7-1982.9， Na 839.8-1616.0ve Protein (%) 1.45-5.53 aral i ginda gozlendi . Bi t kiler i n Cuprac degerler i 1.13-3.62 arasinda degisirken， standart olarak kullani l an sentet i k antioksidanlar a-tokoferol ve BHT icin Cuprac degeri sirasiyla 2.14 ve 3.21 umol TE g-1DW olarak tespit edildi . Ozel l ikle Rosa canina ekstraktinin， a-tokoferol ve BHT ile karsilastirilabil i r diizeyde yuksek aktivite (3.65) gosterdigi tespit edildi. Sonue： Yuzyillar boyunca insanoglu hastaliklarin tedavisinde bitkilerden yararlanmistir. Sentetik i lac l arin ciddi yan etkiler i nedeniyle ginimizde de bircok hastaligin tedav i si tibbi bitkilerle yapilmaktadir. Ancak tibbi bitkilerin ozellikle agir metal miktarlari acisindan incelenerek bi li neli tuketilmesi uzun vadede ciddi saglik so-runlarinin onuine gececektir. Calismada， Van halki tarafindan kul t uru yapi l an， tedavi amac li kul l anilan ve meyve olarak tuketilen Rosaceae familyasina ait bazi bi t kilerin agi r metal miktarlarinin i nsan tuketimi ve tibbi kullanim icin guvenli oldugu， mikro besin， protein ve saglikli beslenme ve tedavi edici kullanimlar icin anti-oksidan kapasitelerinin i stenilen duzeyde oldugu tespit edildi . Anahtar Kel i meler： T i bbi bitkiler ， Rosaceae， Agir metal ， Mineral， Protein， Antioksidan kapasite. ABSTRACT Objective： Rosa canina L.， Malus domestica L.， Prunus persica L Siebold & Zucc.， Cydonia oblonga Mill.， Armenica vulgaris Lam.， and Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem. are i mportant f ruits of the Rosaceae family， used in a wide va-riety of industries such as food， perfume， cosmetics， paint， beverage， and for economic and medical purposes.Although medic i nal plants act with their natural components against diseases， they can cause toxic and unde-sirable side effects. I t is i mportant i n terms of human health and food safety to examine plants for their heavy metal， mineral， protein and antioxidant capacities before they are used for treatment， food or cosmetic purposes.The heavy metals (Al， Cr， Cu， Co， Zn)， minerals (Fe， Mg， Na， Ca，K)， protein and antioxidant capacities of some medicinal plants grown in Van-Turkey were determined and thei r safety in terms of food and in medical uses were evaluated. Material and Method： After the lyophilized plants were solubi l ized with a wet burning (microwave) device，Al， Cr， Cu， Co， Zn， Fe， Mg， Na ， Ca， K elements were analyzed in the ICPOES device. Protein analyzes were performed by the Gerthardt Dumatherm method . Cuprac method was used for antioxidant capacity analysis.Results： The measured values were ranged between (in mg kg-l ) Al 10.753-20.407， Co 0.007-9.664， Cr 0.119-0.411， Cu 2.409-6.554， Zn 23.426-33.891， Ca 743.0-2501.7， Fe 31.7-117.6， K 3555.2-4202.9， Mg 498.7-1982.9， Na 839.8-1616.0 and Protein (%) 1.45-5.53. Detected heavy metal amounts are i n general within acceptable l imits determined by WHO (World Health Organization). While the Cuprac values of t he plants ranged between 1.13and 3.62， t he Cuprac values for the standard synthetic antioxidants a-tocopherol and BHT were determined as 2.14 and 3.21 umol TE g-DW， respectively . In particular， i t was determined that Rosa canina extracts showed high activity (3.62 umol TE g-1DW) comparable to a-tocopherol and BHT. Conclusion： For centuries， human beings have benefited from plants in the treatment of diseases. Due to the severe side e f fects of synthet i c drugs， people in the modern world also turn to medicinal plants for the treatment of many diseases. However， conscious consumption of medicinal plants by examining them especially in terms of heavy metal amounts wi ll prevent serious health problems in the long run. The study showed that t he heavy metal amounts of some plants belonging to the Rosaceae family， which are cultured， used for therapeut i c pur-poses and consumed as f ruit by the people of Van， are safe for human consumption and medical uses， and their micronutrient， protein and antioxidant capacities are at the desired level for healthy nutrition and therapeutic uses. INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are plant and plant-derived prod-ucts used for their therapeutic properties all over the world for hundreds of years. The main reason why the demand for herbal resources has continued to in-crease in recent years i s that synthetically produced drugs cause negative effects that will harm different organs of the body while curing the disease in ques-tion. The World Health Organization (WHO， 1998)reports that 80% of the world's population primarily benefit from medicinal plants for the prevention and healing of diseases. Thanks to the phytochemicals they contain， medicinal plants show therapeutic properties such as antioxidant (Ryu et al.， 2006)， an-tibacterial (Dzoyemet al.， 2018)， anti-inflammatory (Su， X et al.， 2017)， anti-cancer (Ahmed et al.， 2016)，cardioprotective (Razavi-Azarkhiavi et al .， 2016)，im-mune system strengthening (Vasantha Rupasinghe et a l .， 2015)， calming and protecting the skin from UV radiation (Korac and Khambholja， 2011). A biological antioxidant is defined as any substance that retards or inhibits the oxidation of that substrate，even in small amounts， when compared to concen-trations of oxidizable substrates (Halliwell， 2001).Antioxidants are responsible for the defense mecha-nism of the organism against pathologies due to the attack of free radicals， therefore， the intake of plant-derived antioxidants plays a role in the prevention of degenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress，such as cancer， Parkinson's， Alzheimer's or athero-sclerosis diseases (Pisoschi and Negulescu， 2012).Antioxidants are small molecular weight， endoge-nous or exogenous compounds t hat can reduce or eliminate the effects of free radicals. For this reason，it is recommended to consume various fruits and vegetables with antioxidant effect i n order to prevent diseases that may arise. Since antioxidants obtained from plant sources are more advantageous and pref-erable than synthetic ones， they have become im-portant compounds sought both as food supple-ments and for use in the food， pharmaceutica l or cos-metic industry. Rosa canina L.， Malus domestica L.， Prunus persica L Siebold & Zucc.， Cydonia oblonga Mill.， Armenica vul-garis Lam.， and Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.， belong-ing to Rosaceae family，occur especially in a wide region from Asia to the Caucasus and are generally known for t heir delicious and healthy fruits.Rosaceae fruits are reported to be used as a cough suppressant and expectorant in abdominal pain，colds， bronchitis and diabetes， against tonsillitis，hepatitis， asthma， heart and vascular occlusion dis-eases (Findicak，2019).These fruits contain second-ary compounds， phytoestrogens， phenolic com-pounds， flavonoids， antioxidants and protective molecules， which play an important role in the body's defense against diseases and cancer (Yau et al.，2002； Shulaev et al .， 2008). In addi t ion to their thera-peutic properties， medicinal plants can cause various side effects and heavy metal toxicity. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the exam-ination of medicinal plants in terms of mineral and heavy metal levels (WHO， 1998). The aim of this study is to determine the heavy metal (Al， Cr， Cu， Co， Zn)， mineral (Fe， Mg， Na， Ca，K)，% protein and antioxidant capacities of some me-dicinal plants grown i n Van-Turkey and to evaluate their safety in terms of food and in medical uses. Alt-hough medicinal plants act with their natural com-ponents against diseases， they can cause toxic and undesirable side effects. It is important in terms of human health and food safety to examine plants for heavy metal， mineral， protein and antioxidant ca-pacities before they are used for treatment， food or cosmetic purposes. MATERIAL and METHOD Plant material and sample preparation Plants were identi f ied by special i st Dr. Fevzi Ozgokce. Fruits of Rosa canina L.， Malus domestica L.，Prunus persica L Siebold & Zucc.， Cydonia oblonga Mi ll .， Armenica vulgaris Lam.， and Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem. were collected from Van city i n Turkey (lat-itude： 38.57791850 N38°34”and longitude：43.26287760 E43°15"). According to the fruit period ，the fruits collected in July-August and September were cut into thin slices and dried in the shade. Dried fruits were ground with a grinding mill (IKA， A11ba s ic A na lyti c al mil l ) i n the l aboratory. After the pul-verising process they were lyophilized (LyoQuerst-Telstar) at -80℃ at 0.05 psi pressure for 48 hours and stored at -20°℃ until analyses. Extraction procedure for antioxidant capacity anal-yses The lyophi l ized samples were extracted with 80%acidic methanol (80 ml methanol+ 19.9% purified water + 0.1% acetic acid) in a ratio 1/10 (w：v). It was covered with aluminium foil and left at room tem-perature (22 ±2℃) for 24 hours. Then i t was centri-fuged (Hi t achi-High speed refrigerated centrifuge-CR22N) at 15，320 g (10，000 rpm) for 20 min at 4℃.The supernatant (upper liquid) was filtered with a 0.45um syringe t ip filter and t aken into an amber Ep-pendorf tube. The supernatant portion was evapo-rated (Heildolph) within 24 hours. Methanol was re-moved by evaporation at 45℃， 110rpm for 40minutes. The residue was completely removed from the flask and lyophilized (LyoQuerst-Telstar) at-80℃ at 0.05 psi pressure for 48 hours. The extracts were dissolved in methanol at 1 mg/ml and fi l tered through 0.45 um filters and kept in an ultrasonic bath at 25°C for 30 minutes and used in antioxidant stud-ies. Microwave procedure for mineral and heavy metal analyses 2 ml of H2O2 and 6 ml of HNOs were added to 200mg of dried plant sample and dissolved in Teflon tubes at 200℃， 35 bar pressure， for 45 minutes in Milestone Ethos Easy Microwave digestion system.After the microwave， the samples were taken into 50ml tubes and filled with Ultrapure Mill i -Q water， so that the fina l volume was 50 ml. After the plant sam-ples were solubilized by Milestone Ethos Easy Mi-crowave digestion system (microwave wet digestion)device， analysed with atomic absorption spectrome-try (AAS-ICE 3000 series Thermo Scientific) and in-ductively coupled plasma optical emission spec-trometry (ICP-OES Icap 6000 series， Thermo scien-tific) i nstruments. ICPOES and AAS analyses procedure Thermo scientific I norganic Ventures IV-Stock-8 so-lution (100pg ml -1 5.0 HNO3% (v/v)， 125ml d=1.042g ml-1 lot： F2-MEB 418147) was used as standard solution for ICPOES and AAS devices. The calibration curve was l inear and from five point. Co，Cr， Cu， Mn， Al and Zn amounts were detected with ICPOES. Ca， Fe， K， Mg， Na amounts were detected with AAS devices. Analyses were performed in trip-licate. Al l elemental amounts are calculated in mgkg 1 dry weight. Protein analyses The leaves were dried in the dark at room tempera-ture (22±2℃) and were ground wi t h a grinding mill (IKA， A 11 ba s ic A na l y t i c a l mill). After the dried plant samples were ground， ni t rogen and protein amounts were determined with the Dumatherm Ni-trogen-Protein device (Gerthardt Analytical System，Germany). For analyses approximately 50 mg of pul-verised plant sample was weighed and burned in al-uminium tin cups at 900℃ in the device to determine the amount of protein. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA， Dumatherm， Germany) was used as a standard. Cupric-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC)Procedure The CUPRAC assay of plant extracts was carried out using the method of Apak et al . (2008). Antioxidant activities of the prepared extracts were determined at four different concentrations according to the CU-PRAC method based on copper (I I ) reduction. In the presence of antioxidant compounds in the samples，the Cu(I I )-Neocuproin (Nc) complex is reduced to colored Cu(I)-Nc chelate and the absorbance of this chelate is measured at 450 nm. 10 mM CuCl2， 1M CH3COONH4 buffer and 7.5 mM neocuproin were added to the plant extracts with final concentrations of 10， 25， 50， 100 ug/mL. After 1 hour， absorbance was measured at 450 nm (Apak et al.，2008). The ab-sorbance values of the samples were evaluated against the standards. BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Tol-uene)， a-tocopherol was used as standard and total antioxidant capacity， TEAC (Trolox equivalent anti-oxidant capacity) values were in the range of ug/ml for al l extracts. Statistical analysis The experiment was designed according to the ran-domized blocks experimental design and was ap-plied with 3 replications for each feature. Kolmogo-rov-Smirnov test with normal distribution control of the data obtained regarding the characteristics in the exper i ment and homogeneity control of subgroup variances were performed with Levene test. As a re-sult of the control， the descriptive statistics of the data that met the conditions were calculated and evaluated with One-Way ANOVA analysis of vari-ance. All statistical data were evaluated with the MINITAB 17 package program and Tukey multiple comparison test was used to determine different groups. Tukey t est results were expressed as letters，and 5% significance l evel was used in the statistical analysis and i nterpretation of results. RESULTS The heavy metal levels of Rosa canina L.， Malus do-mestica L.， Prunus persica L Siebold & Zucc.， Cydonia oblonga Mill.， Armenica vulgaris Lam.， and Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.， detected by the ICPOES device (Al， Co， Cr， Cu，Zn))are given in Table 1and min-eral nutrients detected by AAS (Fe， Ca， Mg， Na， K)are given in Table 2. In this study， heavy metal and mineral amounts showed a wide variety. While there was no significant difference between R. canina and P. coccinea in terms of Al content， the difference has been observed between A. vulgaris， P. persica， C. ob-longa and M. domestica. The lowest Al content has been detected in M. domestica (10.753 mg kg-1) and the highest (20.407 mg kg-1) in P. persica. A signifi-cant difference was observed in terms of Co content among all Rosaceae species. For Co t he highest value (9.664 mg kg-1) was detected in P. coccinea and the lowest (0.007 mg kg-1) in A . vulgaris. While no statis-tically significant difference was observed between P.persica and P. coccinea in terms of Cr content， a statis-tically significant difference was found between A.vulgaris， C. oblonga， M. domestica and R. canina. The highest Cr amount (0.411 mg kg-1) was detected in P.coccinea and the lowest (0.072 mg kg-1) in R. canina.The amount of Cu was significant l y different from each other in the six analysed Rosaceae species.While the highest Cu amount (6.554 mg kg-1) was detected i n P. coccinea， the lowest (2.409mgkg-1) was in A. vulgaris. While there was no significant differ-ence between the Zn amounts of P. persica， C. oblonga，M. domestica and R. canina， it was determined that the Zn amounts of A. vulgaris and P. coccinea were signif-icantly different from each other and from other Rosaceae species. For Zn the highest amount (33.891mg kg-1) was detected in P. coccinea and the lowest (23.426 mg kg-1) in A. vulgaris (Table 1). Plant Al Co Cr Cu Zn A. vulgaris 17.857 b 0.007f 0.119d 2.409e 23.426c P. persica 20.407 a 5.079b 0.388 a 5.168b 26.967 b C. oblonga 19.263 ab 1.314d 0.149c 3.773c 27.252 b M. domestica 10.753d 1.776c 0.207b 3.208d 25.759 b R. canina 13.612c 0.830 e 0.072e 2.591e 26.840b P. coccinea 13.612c 9.664a 0.411a 6.554 a 33.891 a P Value 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 The difference between means with the same letter i n the same column is i nsignificant (p<0.05). While there was no significant difference between the Ca amounts of R. canina and P. coccinea， there was a significant difference between the Ca amounts of C.oblonga， M. domestica， C. oblonga， M. domestica， P. per-sica and A. vulgaris. The highest Ca amount (2501.7mg kg-1) was detected in P. coccinea， while the lowest (743.0 mg kg-1) in M. domestica. In terms of Fe and Na amounts， there was a significant difference only be-tween A. vulgaris and P. coccinea， but no significant difference was found between other Rosaceae spe-cies. The detected highest and lowest mineral con-centrations (in mg kg-1) per plants were for Fe high-est amount (117.6 mg kg-1) in P. coccinea and the low-est (31.7 mg kg-1) in M. domestica， for Na； the highest 1616.3 in A. vulgaris and the lowest 839.8 in P. coccinea (Table 2). Table 2. Mineral levels of some medicinal plants belonging to Rosaceae family grown in Van Plant Ca Fe K Mg Na C. oblonga 1834.0b 44.4c 3624.5d 918.0b 1107.0b M. domestica 743.0d 31.7c 3555.2d 498.7c 1051.1b R. canina 2497.7a 45.8c 3796.9c 1965.0a 941.1b P. persica 1101.3 cd 32.6c 4023.4b 567.1c 928.9b A. vulgaris 1205.4c 79.4b 3881.7c 877.5b 1616.0a P. coccinea 2501.7a 117.6a 4202.9a 1982.9 a 839.8b P Value 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 Protein amounts were analysed with G erthard D u -matherm protein device according to Dumas method.There was no wide range between the protein amounts of species. While in the terms of protein amounts there was no significant difference in P. per-sica， M. domestica and C. oblonga between each， a sig-nificant difference was observed between R. canina and A. vulgaris. The highest protein amount (5.53%)was in R. canina and lowest (1.45%) was detected in M. domestica. Protein concentrations (%) per plant were as follows： R. canina 5.53%； M. domestica 1.45%； A. vulgaris 5.48%； C. oblonga 1.58%； P. persica 2.19%and P. coccinea 4.39% (Table 3). In the CUPRAC method evaluating total antioxidant capacity， TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant ca-pacity) values were in the range of mg/ml for all ex-tracts， and 3.21 and 2.14 ug/ml for synthetic antioxi-dants BHT and a-tocopherol， respectively. In partic-ular， it was observed that Rosa canina extracts showed high activity comparable to the standard an-tioxidants BHT and a-tocopherol and the sample ex-tracts also showed increasing activities with i ncreas-ing concentration. The Cuprac values (for 100 ppm) were as follows； for Rosa canina 3.62 umol TE g-1DW；for M. domestica 1.54 umol TE g-1DW， for A. vulgaris 1.13 umol TE g-1 DW， for C. oblonga 2.00 umol TEg-1 DW， for P. persica 1.92； for P. coccinea 3.24 umol TE g-1 DW； for BHT 3.21 umol TE g-1 DW and for a-Toc 2.14 umol TE g-1DW. Table 3. % protein amounts and TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) values of the extracts ob-tained from the CUPRAC method Plant Antioxidant Capacity (umol TE g-1DW) %o protein 10 ppm 25 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm R. canina 0.92 b 2.28a 2.82 b 3.62 a 5.53a M. domestica 0.27e 0.46h 0.84g 1.54f 1.45c A. vulgaris 0.25e 0.53g 0.73 h 1.13g 5.48a C. oblonga 0.35c 0.71e 1.31e 2.00d 1.58c P. persica 0.37c 0.82d 1.46d 1.92e 2.19c P. coccinea 0.97a 2.21b 2.91a 3.24 b 4.39 b BHT 0.91b 1.44c 2.32c 3.21b a-Toc 0.31d 0.63f 1.13f 2.14c P Value 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 The difference between means with the same letter in the same column is insigni f icant (p<0.05). DISCUSSION Trace elements and minerals show activity in biolog-ical systems by making complexes with metallo-en-zyms and organic compounds (Kleczkowski et al.2004). Cu and Zn with protein and components (e.g.methionine， cysteine， phytochelatins， metallothi-oneins， albumine) via the sulfur atom， Fe， Co， Cu and Mn with protein and components (e.g.， histidine， ty-rosine， glutamic acid， aspargine， metalloenzymes)via the oxygen atom， Cr with nucleic acids， Fe， Co，Ni with tetrapyrole l i gands such as cobalamin， Al， Ni and Fe have also been reported to form complexes with small organic ligands such as citric acid (Kabata-Pendias，and Mukherjee， 2007). When heavy metals are above acceptable limits， they can cause immunological， neurological， endochronological disorders and psychological behavioural disorders in individuals (Dyer， 2007). Especially in high doses，heavy metals such as Cu are shown as the causes of digestive system cancers by showing carcinogenic and mutagenic effects (Khan et a l .， 2013) while high doses of Cr intake are associated with breast cancer (Pasha et al.，2010). Some metals such as Cd， Zn and Al are required for human metabolism within ac-ceptable l imits. However， they cause various degen-erative diseases by showing toxic effects in high amounts. The excess of Al， Ni， Cr， Co，Fe and Zn has been reported as the causes of following disorders：Al： dementia， neurotoxicity， osteomalacia， Ni： gas-tric， liver and kidney damage， lung cancer， Co： neu-crotic hepatitis， hyperglicemia， Cr： lung cancer， Fe：hemachromatosis， cardiac failure and Zn： anemia (Kabata-Pendias， and Mukherjee， 2007). In this study， which was carried out with plants se-lected in Van， the amounts of Al and Zn were found to be quite high compared to other heavy metals.Heavy metals and minerals accumulate in plants ac-cording to the needs of the plant ， the type of element and environmental factors (Lokeshwari and Chan-drappa， 2006).The allowable l imit for Zn by WHO (1998) is 27.4 mg kg-1 for edible plants. All other Rosaceae species have acceptable Zn amounts except P. coccinea (33.891 mg.kg-l). The Co， Cu and Cr amounts of P. coccinea were also the highest among other plants subjec t to our study. Consistent with our study ， Akgiic et al . (2002) found high levels of heavy metals in P. cocc i nea samples. Since this plant grows on the roadsides， it may col l ect heavy metals from the car exhausts in its fruits. The mineral and protein contents of plants can be affected by the characteristics of the environment in which they are grown， as wel l as change in different vegetation pe-riods. In studies conducted with different medicinal plants， the amounts of Zn were found to be above the limits set by the WHO (1998). Pytlakowska et al.(2012) determined the amount of Zn between 56.6±0.2 mg kgl and 75.5±0.3mg kg-1 in St. John's Wort ， mint ， lemon balm， sage and chamomi l e， while Karahan et al， (2020)reported the amount of Zn in medicinal plants in the range of 166.910-395.252 mg kg-1. WHO's (1996) acceptable value for Cr is 1.30mg.kg-land for Cu 10 mgkg1. When Cr is t aken in ex-cess， i t reacts wi t h biological reducers to form reac-tive oxygen species， thus causing oxidative stress that damages DNA and protein synthesis (Gormez et al.， 2019). The amount of Cr in our study is in the ac-ceptable range (0.07-0.41 mg kg-1). While Ozcan (2004)determined the Cr concentrations in basil， rosemary，laurel and lavender at values ranging from 7.95 to 19.0 mg kg-1， Divrikli et al. (2006) determined the Cr value i n rosemary， basil and l aurel between 0.1 and 9.7 mg g-l ， respectively.Cobalt is part of vitamin B -12. Its deficiency in humans seriously affects some biological processes. The amount of Co in some me-dicinal plants has been reported between 0.14 and 0.40 mg kg-1 (Basgel and Erdemoglu， 2006). In our study the range is between 0.007 and 9.664 mg kg-1.The specified l imiting value information of the Co el-ement was not found. For plant growth， Ca， Fe， K and Mg represent the most abundant metal compo-nent of many plants because of their important roles as components of chlorophyll， metalloenzymes and secondary metabolites. According to Karahan (2020)，the acceptable values reported in the literature for metals are as follows： for Al 15-100 mg kg-1， for Mg 100-1000 mg kg-l ， and for Fe 50-250 mg kg-1. In our study Al amounts were between 10.75 and 20.40mg kg-1， Fe concentrations between 31.7 and 117.6mg.kg-1 while Mg between 567.1 and 1982.9 mg.kg-1.The results were consistent with the results of Kara-han et al.， (2020) determined in different medicinal plants； Al in the range of 13.845 and 186.015 mg kg-1，Mg 295-2225 mg.kg-1 and Fe between 100-1228mg.kg-1. Proteins break down and participate i n the structure of nitrogenous bases that make up DNA， amino ac-ids that form the basic building blocks of living things， secondary metabolites that act as defence against stress， and enzymes that take part in meta-bolic events. Protein ratios in our study (1.45%-5.48%)， are below the amounts Kabir et al. (2016) re-ported in medicinal plants (8.15%-17.3%). However is consistent with the amounts (1.8-9.3%) Rybicka et al. (2021) reported in various fruits.I t is thought that the increase in the amount of protein increases the antioxidant capacity， especially since amino ac-ids such as phenylalanine， which make up proteins，form the structure of antioxidant phenolics. Plants perceive heavy metals as oxidative stressors and ac-tivate their antioxidant mechanisms to protect them-selves (Bajraktari et al.， 2022). The Cuprac method is particularly suitable for the analysis of polyphenols with high antioxidant proper t ies against reactive ox-ygen species. Findicak (2019)， reported Cuprac val-ues in the range of 7.5 to 21 in apple， pear， and rose hip and quince fruits belonging to the Rosaceae fam-ily. The BHA value of the same study was reported as 41.5 and the BHT value as 37. In our study， BHT 3.21 and a-Toc 2.14 were detected， while Cuprac val-ues were between 1.13 and 3.62 (for 100ppm). Cu-prac values of especially R. canina and P. coccinea were determined above the standards (BHT and a-Toc). Conclusion For centuries， human beings have benefited from plants in the treatment of diseases. Because of syn-thetic drugs’ severe effects， people in the modern world also turn to medicinal plants for the treatment of many diseases. However， examining medicinal plants especially in terms of heavy metal amounts and conscious consumption wi l l prevent serious health problems in the long term. The study showed that the heavy metal amounts of some plants belong-ing to t he Rosaceae family， which are cultured， used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as fruit by the people of Van， are safe for human consumption and medical uses， and their micronutrient， protein and antioxidant capacities are at the desired level for healthy nutrition and therapeutic uses. 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