PLIF平面激光诱导荧光火焰燃烧检测系统

采用LaVision的激光诱导荧光和激光诱导白炽光测量方法，对生物柴油碳链长度对小口径光学柴油机缸内碳烟形成过程的影响进行了研究。

采用LaVisin公司DaVis软件平台为核心搭建了平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF), 粒子跟踪测速，以及红外测温平台。利用这一测量平台对降落液膜传热特性进行了实验和计算研究

用LaVision的图像增强器IRO，Imager Intense 相机和染料激光器构成了一套OH PLIF 自由基测量系统。对在反应流中产生的纳米颗粒特性进行了表征。

采用LaVision公司的ImagerIntense型相机和可编程时间控制单元PTU，Nd:YAG激光器和另外一台高速770Hz高速相机，测量研究了氧气在气泡中向液体扩散过程。

A new compact micro-lens optical system has been developed to produce a 7 x 7 multiline optical grid for Hydroxyl Tagging Velocimetry (HTV). These lines provide additional spatial information and aid the software tracking of the flowfield by increasing its resolution. Single-photon photodissociation of groundstate H2O by a ~193-nm ArF excimer laser “writes” a 7 x 7 beam molecular grid with very long gridlines of superequilibrium OH and H photoproducts in either room air flowfields or in H2-Air flames due to the presence of H2O vapor. The displaced OH tag lines’ positions are revealed through fluorescence by A2Σ+ (v′= 0) ← X2Πi (v″ = 0) OH excitation using a ~308 nm pulsed frequency-doubled dye laser. A time-of-flight software (DaVis 6.0 Stereo PIV/PTV, LaVision, GmbH) determines the instantaneous velocity field. HTV tag lifetime comparisons between experimental results and theoretical predictions are discussed.

During the last decade particulate matter emission regulation have mandated lower emissions. Future regulations (e.g. EURO 5) will require even lower vehicle emissions. A large reduction in total particulate mass will also create new problems in accurate measurement. Further the calibration of engine maps to interface with soot trap optimisation will require transient data which is certainly beyond current gravimetric procedures. Laser-Induced Incandescence is a technique capable of measuring accurately and near instantaneously particulate matter mass and soot primary particle diameter. LII offers as well the ability to operate in raw exhausts where hydrocarbon loading and vapours often affect other instruments. This poster presents the self-calibrated LII technique invented by the National Research Council, Canada and currently under development in collaboration with Cranfield University. We present measurements taken at Millbrook Proving Ground Emission Test Chamber on a Vauxhall Frontera® and a Dennis Dart® bus following the Euro 4 cycle procedure and the Millbrook London Bus Transport Cycle Procedure. This poster includes also a demonstration of real-time raw exhaust measurement between the exhaust and the particulate trap of a London Bus and a comparison with instruments available within the test facility. The

中心级旋流燃烧可以有效地降低NOx排放。但是，这种复杂的燃烧场容易产生大规模的相干结构，例如旋转涡核和中心涡核（CVC）。本研究主要利用10 kHz高速CH化学发光（CL）、20 kHz颗粒图像测速仪（PIV）和CH2O平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF），在高温高压下研究中心级旋流喷雾燃烧器中CVC对流场和火焰的影响。对于试验火焰，CH CL和CH2O PLIF火焰都是三叉形状的，并且火焰动力学的中心部分表明了CVC结构。对于分层火焰，在燃烧器中心线附近的一个强旋涡带区域内存在CVC结构。适当正交分解（POD）模式的分析表明，CVC的运动主要是摆动，其次是进动。同时诊断表明，CVC的吸入导致CH2O从剪切层输送到燃烧器的中心区域。总体而言，CH2O信号主要分布在两个正的速度区域，即主燃气和中心涡核周围。利用CVC对自由基输运的作用是改善燃烧器混合，例如温度分布的潜在方法。

采用LaVision公司的平面激光诱导荧光火焰分析系统FlameMaster对稀湍流预混本生火焰火的火焰刷厚度及其发展的记忆效应进行了实验研究。

采用LaVision的sCMOS相机构成的PIV和PLIF测量系统，对双射流混合流进行了流体速度场和双色PLIF温度场测量研究。

采用LaVision公司的高速图像增强器和和高速相机作为测试设备，对纳秒重复脉冲等离子体放电增强湍流氢-空气火焰向爆轰的过渡过程进行了实验测量研究

采用LaVision公司的PLIF平面激光诱导荧光火焰自由基分析测量系统，对中等尺度燃烧器阵列燃烧是产生的甲醛，CH，OH等自由基浓度的空间分布进行了测量研究。

采用LaVision的时间分辨激光诱导荧光火焰分析系统FlameMaster-TR和2D3C时间分辨立体PIV测速系统，对应变速率、局部熄灭和流体力学不稳定性对附着和上升涡流火焰过渡的影响进行了实验测量研究。

Recovery boiler • Huge dimensions, 15 m x 14 m x 70 m (4000 t ka/vrk) • Controlled by spraying and combustion air • Objective is to recover heat and cooking chemicals reliably, low emissions

采用LaVison公司的智能成像测量系统中的平面激光诱导荧光测量方法，用丙酮做示踪剂，研究了超音速气体引射器中的混合过程。

采用LaVision公司独有的可以应用到大体积空间的时间分辨层析粒子成像测速技术（Time-resolved Tomographyic PIV)对沙漠蝗虫在风洞环境下的复杂空气动力学行为进行了研究。

Controlling the flow over aerodynamic bodies has been a challenging problem for many years. Different open loop control techniques have been used in several flow configurations with some degree of success. However, in most cases the effectiveness of the controller is limited to the design conditions. In the present work, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is used to derive low dimensional models of the subsonic flow over a cavity, in an effort to develop a feedback control system that can control the characteristic of the flow field. The Galerkin method is used as an additional tool to capture the time evolution of the flow field, reducing the problem into a system of ordinary differential. The stochastic estimation method is then used to link the variables that can be physically measured with those involved in the model. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data and surface pressure measurement for the unforced flow (baseline) and for several open loop forcing conditions are used to derive the models.

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台为基础构成汽车发动机时间分辨多参两成像测试系统，研究了确定火花辅助压缩点火过程中燃烧可变性原因所需要的实验度量指标。

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台为基础构成的粒子成像测速（PIV）系统对直接喷射火花塞引燃（DISI）引擎进气道产生的流动不稳定性进行了测试和研究。

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台和高速相机为基础构成的喷雾高速成像诊断测量系统（SprayMaster）对喷雾导引火花塞引燃直接喷射发动机（SGSIDI）内部燃料混合，注入等过程进行了测试和研究。

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台为基础构成的喷雾成像测试（SprayMaster）系统对喷射导引燃烧系统中另外一种点火系统的热动力学潜能进行了研究。

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台为基础构成的粒子成像测速（PIV）和喷雾几何形态参数成像测试系统对燃料喷雾的形成和汽油燃料直接喷射（GDI）进行了测试和分析。

采用LaVision公司特色的衍射光学内窥镜可以用于量产发动机缸内燃烧状态的成像可视化测量。可以用于PLIF，PIV，Soot等流体和燃烧产物的分布测量。

谈到温度测量，人们自然会想到温度计，热电偶，红外热像仪等装置。但这些方法要么是介入式测量，要么是近似的，难以严格定量的测量。红外热像仪用的很多，但红外热像仪的问题在于只能测量物体表面的温度，并且因其测量原理基于普朗克黑体辐射定律，所以定量测量的准确度和被测对象的材料属性高度相关，需要复杂的标定修正过程。故这些方法，一般难于用到燃烧，流体等空气动力学研究对象的温度场测量中。气体温度场的光学非介入式测量具有广泛的应用需求。

This paper describes the full scale tests for air flows in a test chamber subject to heat loads generated by human occupancy and equipment. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to investigate buoyancy-driven flows near the human thermal manikin “Victoria”. Based on the experimental facility details, a full scale 3-D CFD model of the test facility was generated. The results obtained from the CFD simulation were compared with data obtained from the PIV results. Results compare very well and demonstrate the potential usefulness of PIV as a CFD validation technique.

Low-rise buildings located in the urban areas are generally surrounded by buildings of similar size. The interference of surrounding buildings has been found to be significant on wind loads in straight-line winds. In this study, systematic experiments of tornado-induced wind loads and flow patterns around a typical low-rise gable-roof building with different layouts of surrounding buildings were carried out in a laboratory. Effects of spacing, height ratios of the surrounding buildings to the test building and specific building orientations were considered. The results indicate that the reduction of the horizontal load is caused by sheltering effect from the surrounding buildings. The uplift load, however, could increase or decrease dependent on building orientation, layout and the type of the surrounding buildings. The complicated flow patterns around the test building are discussed and correlated to the wind loads. This study would improve the understanding of tornado-induced loads on a low-rise gable-roof building

The present work describes a new method which allows the spatially resolved quantitative determination of gaseous hydrocarbon densities in droplet laden flows. The technique is especially dedicated to a quantitative and linearly spatially resolved measurement of air/fuel ratio (λ-value) in direct injection Otto engines under stratified operation and by use of regular gasoline (Euro Super). The new method is based on spontaneous Raman scattering. It is applied to the investigation of the air/fuel ratio distribution inside and in the close surroundings of the spray cone of different DI-fuel injectors under stratified and homogeneous engine operation conditions. Both crank angle resolved snap shot and cyclical averaged measurements are presented. Simultaneously the planar gasoline distribution is detected by LIF of aromatic hydrocarbons which are native constituents of regular gasoline. It is shown, that the linear spatially resolved air/fuel distributions measured by means of LIF correlate well with the Raman data.

采用LaVision公司的PIV系统，配置使用Imager Pro X 型CCD相机，测量脂质覆盖疏水纳米粒子通过磷脂双层自发迁移的速度矢量场

采用LaVision公司的PIV系统。测量左心室模型的流动情况，并研究流场特征和发生血栓栓赛风险的关系。建立两者之间的关联模型。

采用英国Litron公司的30毫焦双脉冲PIV激光器，LaVision Imager Pro X PIV相机。在LaVision的硬件控制和数据采集软件平台DaVis集成控制下。对水中藤壶幼虫的游动附着过程进行了观测研究。

The measurement of blood-plasma velocity distributions with spatial and temporal resolution in vivo is inevitable for the determination of shear stress distributions in complex geometries at unsteady flow conditions like in the beating heart. A nonintrusive, whole-field velocity measurement technique is required that is capable of measuring instantaneous flow fields at submillimeter scales in highly unsteady flows. Micro particle image velocimetry ðmPIVÞ meets these demands, but requires special consideration and methodologies in order to be utilized for in vivo studies in medical and biological research. We adapt mPIV to measure the blood-plasma velocity in the beating heart of a chicken embryo. In the current work, bio-inert, fluorescent liposomes with a nominal diameter of 400nm are added to the flow as a tracer. Because of their small dimension and neutral buoyancy the liposomes closely follow the movement of the blood-plasma and allow the determination of the velocity gradient close to the wall. The measurements quantitatively resolve the velocity distribution in the developing ventricle and atrium of the embryo at nine different stages within the cardiac cycle. Up to 400 velocity vectors per measurement give detailed insight into the fluid dynamics of the primitive beating heart. A rapid peristaltic contraction accelerates the flow to peak velocities of 26 mm/s, with the velocity distribution showing a distinct asymmetrical profile in the highly curved section of the outflow tract. In relation to earlier published gene-expression experiments, the results underline the significance of fluid forces for embryonic cardiogenesis. In general, the measurements demonstrate that mPIV has the potential to develop into a general tool for instationary flow conditions in complex flow geometries encountered in cardiovascular research.

采用LaVision公司的高速激光器和高速图像增强器IRO构成的高速图像成像测量系统研究了以C8氧化物为燃料的类柴油射流结构的激光光谱。

采用LaVision公司的时间分辨粒子成像测速系统，对水模拟发动机模型中流场的涡流和滚流两种流动形态进行了测量和研究。

采用LaVision的结构化平面激光照明成像（SLIPI)技术，应用于多相流的激光诱导荧光测量系统中，有效地消除了背景反射的影响。可以准确有效地辨识多相流对象中的界面。

采用LaVision公司的DaVis图像采集和分析处理软件平台，结合激光诱导荧光技术对喷雾诱导的周围环境的湍流的速度场进行了实验测量和分析。研究了其流动特性。

采用LaVision的HS500型CMOS相机和DaVis软件平台以及Nd:YAG激光器，搭建了一套平面激光诱导荧光和粒子成像测速PIV测量平台。利用这一平台对在惯性主导区域下落液体薄膜上的孤立波进行了测量和研究。

采用LaVision公司的DaVis8.4软件平台搭建了粒子成像PIV,粒子跟踪测速PTV和平面激光诱导荧光测量平台。并用此平台对分层液-液管流与横流中的射流相互作用进行了测量和研究。

In this paper, a comparative study between numerical and experimental results from PIV measurements is presented in the case of two-dimensional electrohydrodynamic plumes that arise when a sharp metallic blade, submerged in non conducting liquids, supports high electric potential. Experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted in order to confront the both approaches. A very good agreement has been found through velocity profiles and velocity fields which testifies the relevance of our numerical model. For high potentials the jet flow issued forth from the blade becomes unsteady and starts to flap on the vertical wall. Some captions of the temporal evolution of the isocontours of charge density which is not accessible from experiment are presented thanks to the numerical simulation.

Fluorescence Spectroscopy in disease detection ?? Interaction of light with biological systems (molecules, cells, tissue). • Origin of fluorescence in biological systems ?? Instrumentation and Analytical Methods • Complete description of fluorescence emission ?? Interpret results. • Understanding of the physical-biological basis of the interaction.

Pulsatile flow patterns in an intracranial side-wall aneurysm of a human carotid artery were investigated experimentally using microscopic particle image velocimetry on a flexible wall model. Numerical calculations were performed on a stiff-walled artery with the same geometry and flow conditions. Experimental results showed cyclical vortex formation and decay within the aneurysm. Numerical simulations agreed well with the experimental results and indicate that vortex position and magnitude are due to pulsatile flow conditions rather than wall elasticity. However, the present results suggest that wall compliance plays a role in sustaining the pressure gradients needed for vortex development.

Shape memory polymer foams may be used to treat vascular aneurysms through thermal actuation of the foam from a compacted to an expanded configuration within the aneurysm structure, thereby alleviating blood pressure on the weakened aneurysm walls and reducing potential for rupture. After delivery to the aneurysm site, fiber-delivered laser light absorbed by the foam structure is converted into thermal energy, and actuation of the foam results. Introduction of nonphysiological energy into the body during foam actuation necessitates an evaluation of potential thermal damage to nearby tissue. In the present investigation, the foam is idealized as a heat-dissipating, volumetrically static object centered in a straight tube of flowing water. Velocity profiles around the heat-dissipating device are acquired experimentally with particle image velocimetry. A computational fluid dynamics package is then used to predict the experimental velocity profiles and temperature distributions by numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations, and agreement between the computational solution and experimental results is assessed. Discussion of this assessment, as well as several preliminary procedures leading up to the creation of the heat-dissipating device and critical analysis of the methods employed, is also given. PIV and CFD are found to be in reasonable agreement with one another. Using laser-induced fluorescence as a temperature measurement modality, which is discussed in the text insofar as the technique was attempted several times and failed, together with PIV and CFD provides a formidable array of techniques exists to characterize flow around a heated device.