利用德国LaVision公司的ParticleMaster-Shadow阴影法粒径测量分析系统，对细水雾的喷雾特性进行了实验测量和分析。

采用LaVision公司的阴影法粒子粒径和速度测量分析系统，对液滴脉冲管液态D2工具钢液滴，在下落，冷却，固化过程中的液滴粒径和温度参数进行了测量，并和其它类型测试设备进行了对比分析。

采用LaVison公司的DaVis软件平台，通过阴影发成像和粒子成像测速分析，对脉冲流场在USP溶解仪中引起的水动力复杂性，进行了研究。

采用LaVision公司的ParticleMaster-Shadow系统，以及Artium公司的PDI设备对双推进剂空间推进的液体冲击喷射喷注器特性进行了测量分析。

采用LaVision公司的高速阴影成像测试系统和Artium Technologies的 PDI-200相位多普勒粒子干涉仪，对堇青石基质混合装置中的液滴喷射形态和液滴粒径速度进行了测量，并研究了堇青石基质混合装置消除选择性催化还原（SCR）加料系统中沉积的能力。

分析比较了对喷雾速度分布和粒径分布评价测量的三种方法：PDI-相位多普勒粒子干涉仪；ParticleMaster-Shadow 阴影法测量粒径，以及ParticleMaster-IMI干涉米氏成像的特点和适用范围。

We present two-dimensional measurements of the laser-induced plasma development and shock wave evolution in air. The breakdown is induced by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) with a pulse duration of 4 ns. To study these fast laser-induced phenomena, we have developed a high-speed, two frame shadowgraph method. It enables 2D visualization of a laser-induced event in two time instances, which are delayed by an arbitrary time interval in the range from 300 ps to 30 ns. The established method is based on 30 ps, green (λ = 532 nm), and linearly polarized laser pulse, which is split into two orthogonally polarized illumination pulses for direct and delayed illumination of the breakdown area. Exploiting polarization of the probe pulses, we capture two temporally and spatially separated frames with two CCD cameras. Special attention is given to the subsequent data processing, especially to the minimization of the systematic error due to alignment of both images, and to the determination of 2D velocity distribution from the captured image pairs.

This paper highlights the influence of contact line (pinning) forces on the mobility of dry bubbles in microchannels. Bubbles moving at velocities less than the dewetting velocity of liquid on the surface are essentially dry, meaning that there is no thin liquid film around the bubbles. For these “dry” bubbles, contact line forces and a possible capillary pressure gradient induced by pinning act on the bubbles and resist motion. Without sufficient driving force (e.g. external pressure) a dry bubble is brought to stagnation. For the first time, a bipartite theoretical model that estimates the required pressure difference across the length of stagnant bubbles with concave and convex back interfaces to overcome the contact line forces and stimulate motion is proposed. To validate our theory, the pressure required to move a single dry bubble in square microchannels exhibiting contact angle hysteresis has been measured. The working fluid was deionized water. The experiments have been conducted on coated glass channels with different surface hydrophilicities that resulted in concave and convex back interfaces for the bubbles. The experimental results were in agreement with the model’s predictions for square channels. The predictions of the concave and convex back models were within 19% and 27% of the experimental measurements, respectively.

We report our study on fluidization of 5000 spherical particles in a pseudo-2D gas-fluidized bed by direct numerical simulations (DNS) and experiments as well. DNS are performed using an immersed boundary method, together with the methodology developed in our earlier work for accurate prediction of gas-solid interactions at relatively low grid resolutions. Experimental measurements of solids mean motion are conducted using a combined particle image velocimetry (PIV) and digital image analysis (DIA) technique. Furthermore, the PIV technique is extended and applied for instantaneous measurements of the particle granular temperature, which is a key characteristic of particle velocity fluctuations. This paper presents a detailed direct comparison between IBM simulation results and experimental data for realistic gas fluidization, which has not been reported before in literature. The comparison reveals a good agreement with respect to the time-averaged solids motion, as well as the fluctuations of the pressure drop over the bed. The granular temperatures calculated from the simulations also agree very well with the experimental data measured by the extended PIV technique.

Liquid flows incorporating small-size bubbles play a vital role in many industrial applications. In this work, an experimental investigation is conducted on bubble formation during gas injection from a microtube into the channel of a downward liquid cross flow. The tip of the air injector has been located at the wall
wall orifice and also at several locations from the wall to channel centerline
nozzle injection. The size, shape, and velocity of the bubbles along with liquid velocity field are measured using a shadow-particle image velocimetry/particle tracking velocimetry system. The process of bubble formation for the wall orifice and the nozzle injection configurations is physically explained. The effect of variation in water and air flow rates on the observed phenomena is also investigated by considering water average velocities of 0.46, 0.65, and 0.83 m/s and also air average velocities of 1.32, 1.97, 2.63, and 3.29 m/s. It was observed that shifting the air injector tip toward the center of the channel resulted in the coalescence of some of the preliminary bubbles and the formation of larger bubbles termed secondary and multiple bubbles. Increase in air flow rate and reduction in water flow rate also intensify the rate of bubble coalescence. A correlation-based model is also suggested to overcome the shortcoming of the available models in the literature which are developed to only estimate the size of the preliminary bubbles. The model predicts the percent of the preliminary, secondary, and multiple bubbles along with the average size of secondary and multiple bubbles as a function of nozzle position within a cross flow.

Fuel atomization and dispersion phenomena depend heavily on the ambient pressure and temperature. So in this work, to study diesel sprays, an electrically heated, constant volume, pressurized vessel was designed and manufactured. The controlling electronics and software were developed and tested to ensure safe and precise operation. A commercial six-hole automotive Diesel injector was used. Spray tip penetration and cone angle have extensively been used to qualify fuel dispersion and these parameters were quantified in this work using a high speed shadowgraph technique. It was observed that the temporal spray tip-penetration did not follow a time-square-root law.