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PLIF平面激光诱导荧光火焰燃烧检测系统

PLIF平面激光诱导荧光火焰燃烧检测系统

PLIF平面激光诱导荧光火焰燃烧检测系统

报价

面议

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品牌

LaVision GmbH

样本

暂无样本

型号

PLIF-FlameMaster

荣誉奖项

--

产地

欧洲

北京欧兰科技发展有限公司

金牌
第17年
一般经销商

营业执照已审核

留言询价电话询价

核心参数

产地类别： 进口

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仪器简介：

燃烧是获得能量的一种主要方式，同时又是造成大气污染的重要因
素之一。使用Lavision公司的FlowMaster可以实时、在线的对火焰
成像,并且得到组分浓度、气体组成与火焰温度的定量信息。（激
光）汽缸内成像技术的发展在很大程度上推动了新的发动机技术的
出现（如直接注入技术和倾斜发动机）
Lavision的EngineMaster可以提供关于燃料准备情况、热点成像、
火焰传播、No形成和烟雾生成的有关信息

技术参数：

应用
> 研究火焰、燃烧炉/器、涡轮机、高压燃烧系统、化学反应器等燃
烧现象
> 研究点火现象, 激波管,汽油机、柴油机的内部燃烧现象.
测量能够给出的信息:
> OH*, CH*, C2*等成分的分布
火焰温度,火焰位置与稳定性
火焰前端位置及传播, 点火现象的发生
> 总气体浓度, 温度场
> 气体组成,燃料/空气混合, 温度
> 烟雾体积分数
> 燃料预燃情况, 尾气回收成像
> OH 形成, NO 产生,冲击效应
火焰中的自由基如:CH, CN, NH, CO, C2, NO2, SO2 等
性能
> 进行指定曲柄角分辨测量, 和曲柄角周期相关的统计分析
> 具有发动机同步接口
> 在一个曲柄角周期内的高速测量 (瞬态分析)

主要特点：

特殊应用和配置
> 在极小通光孔经情况下可以进行的内窥镜式(钥匙孔式)成像
> 用于火焰冷却的尾气再循环过程
> 玻璃器件成型所用火焰的性能分析
> CVD 过程控制:石英生产的火焰水解
> 应用于高压燃烧过程分析的激光诱导白炽光 (LII)技术
> 电荷分层现象的化学计量学地图 (l-值)
可升级到:
SootMaster ：用于 LII测量, SprayMaster 和 FlowMaster

相关方案

综合其他石油/化工汽车及零部件环保航空航天

燃烧器,预混合火焰中速度场,浓度场检测方案(粒子图像测速)
报道了一种测量低湍流燃烧器预混合火焰结构和紊流燃烧速度的方法。研究了六种贫燃气比火焰对象。进行了OH激光诱导荧光，瑞利散射温度成像，以及PIV联合测量。
其他 2008-02-05
NOx,氮氧化物,光学透明发动机中光谱,浓度场,尾气排放,污染物检测方案(尾气检测)
Growing environmental concerns, such as global warming due to the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2 by automotive power plants, lead to the need for cleaner and fuel saving combustion systems. Direct injection combustion systems applied to the spark ignited engine might be a way to improve the efficiency particularly by reducing pumping and heat losses during part load while maintaining the advantages of high power density and engine speeds during high loads [Zhao, Lai et al., 1999]. Initially, wall guided combustion systems were pursued, but high hydrocarbon and soot emissions led to the investigation of spray guided systems. Here a higher degree of stratification is possible, which yields improved emissions [Drake, Fansler et al., 2004; Honda, Kawamoto et al., 2004]. Nonetheless, due to high oxygen availability and locally rich mixture, the nitric oxide formation is comparably high. This is detrimental as the widely employed exhaust aftertreatment by a three way catalytic converter is inefficient for overall lean mixtures. NO storage catalytic converters are widely employed, but require rich exhaust gas to reduce the stored NO. This is generated by operating the engine homogeneous-rich for a brief period of time, which of course comes with a fuel consumption penalty [Tamura, Kikuchi et al., 2001; Krebs, Pott et al., 2002]. A reduction of in-cylinder nitric oxide is desirable to minimize the number of regeneration cycles. Hence the understanding of in-cylinder NO formation is important, so that the necessary scientific background for improvement of the combustion system is provided. An assessment of the NO formation process inside the engine exclusively by drawing conclusions from engine out emissions is difficult, because of the highly inhomogeneous nature of the stratified charge combustion process. Also, due to high cyclic variability cycle resolved measurements are desirable, which conventional emissions analyzers are not capable of.
汽车及零部件 2008-04-19
高压燃烧系统,氮氧化物中激光诱导荧光,PLIF,自由基,羟基,浓度场检测方案(流量计)
Practical diagnostic strategies for detection of temperature and nitric oxide (NO) in high pressure (p<60bar) combustion systems using Laser-Induced-Fluorescence (LIF) of nitric oxide are investigated. NO-LIF, when applied to elevated pressures, suffers from a decrease of signal due to pressure broadening and attenuation of the propagating laser beam/fluorescence signals. In addition, overlapping of neighboring excitation lines and interference from LIF of other species (mainly O2 and CO2) can significantly influence the overall signal. The main purpose of this study is to investigate NO-LIF strategies which minimize the impact of these complications or allow for correction of their effects. A comprehensive study of NO-LIF in a laboratory high-pressure flame was carried out for various flame stoichiometries, pressures and excitation wavelengths to develop optimized excitation and detection strategies for high-pressure applications. Four main issues are addressed in this study. First, optimized excitation strategies are investigated for high-pressure applications in the A2Σ+−X2Π (0,0), (0,1) and (0,2) bands of NO. Second, CO2-LIF is identified as a major source of interference in the detection of NO-LIF in high-pressure combustion systems involving hydrocarbon chemistry. Third, an accurate multi-line thermometry technique for steady, high-pressure flames is proposed by fitting wavelength-scanned NO-LIF with computational simulations. Finally, measurements optimizing the detection strategies of 2-D NO-LIF imaging in high-pressure flames are reported. The discussion and demonstrations reported in this study provide a practical guideline for application of instantaneous 1-D or 2-D NO-LIF imaging in high-pressure combustion systems.
其他 2008-04-21
火焰,燃烧,碳烟中温度场检测方案
Temperature measurements using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF)are most often associated with experimental challenges. In addition, no PLIF technique is generally applicable in all kinds of environment. Especially under sooting conditions problems are prone to arise, which limits the use of these techniques. In this paper the two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) technique was investigated in sooting environments. Indium atoms were used as thermometry species and seeded into the combustion region. Data from two-dimensional measurements are often difficult to analyse, because of problems with treating noise. A statistical analysis method for correction of laser fluctuations was developed to increase the precision of the temperature calculations. The results show that TLAF holds promise for temperature measurements in rich combustion, such as diesel engines, where other techniques have proven to fail. Drawbacks with the TLAF technique are that the probe volume is biased towards the post-flame zone and that seeding is required. The statistical analysis improved the precision considerably and is suitable for evaluation of other two-dimensional thermometry techniques. This paper also presents a critical review and comparison with alternatives, such as OH and NO thermometry.
其他 2008-05-25

燃烧器,预混合火焰中速度场,浓度场检测方案(粒子图像测速)
报道了一种测量低湍流燃烧器预混合火焰结构和紊流燃烧速度的方法。研究了六种贫燃气比火焰对象。进行了OH激光诱导荧光，瑞利散射温度成像，以及PIV联合测量。
其他 2008-02-05
高压燃烧系统,氮氧化物中激光诱导荧光,PLIF,自由基,羟基,浓度场检测方案(流量计)
Practical diagnostic strategies for detection of temperature and nitric oxide (NO) in high pressure (p<60bar) combustion systems using Laser-Induced-Fluorescence (LIF) of nitric oxide are investigated. NO-LIF, when applied to elevated pressures, suffers from a decrease of signal due to pressure broadening and attenuation of the propagating laser beam/fluorescence signals. In addition, overlapping of neighboring excitation lines and interference from LIF of other species (mainly O2 and CO2) can significantly influence the overall signal. The main purpose of this study is to investigate NO-LIF strategies which minimize the impact of these complications or allow for correction of their effects. A comprehensive study of NO-LIF in a laboratory high-pressure flame was carried out for various flame stoichiometries, pressures and excitation wavelengths to develop optimized excitation and detection strategies for high-pressure applications. Four main issues are addressed in this study. First, optimized excitation strategies are investigated for high-pressure applications in the A2Σ+−X2Π (0,0), (0,1) and (0,2) bands of NO. Second, CO2-LIF is identified as a major source of interference in the detection of NO-LIF in high-pressure combustion systems involving hydrocarbon chemistry. Third, an accurate multi-line thermometry technique for steady, high-pressure flames is proposed by fitting wavelength-scanned NO-LIF with computational simulations. Finally, measurements optimizing the detection strategies of 2-D NO-LIF imaging in high-pressure flames are reported. The discussion and demonstrations reported in this study provide a practical guideline for application of instantaneous 1-D or 2-D NO-LIF imaging in high-pressure combustion systems.
其他 2008-04-21
火焰,燃烧,碳烟中温度场检测方案
Temperature measurements using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF)are most often associated with experimental challenges. In addition, no PLIF technique is generally applicable in all kinds of environment. Especially under sooting conditions problems are prone to arise, which limits the use of these techniques. In this paper the two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) technique was investigated in sooting environments. Indium atoms were used as thermometry species and seeded into the combustion region. Data from two-dimensional measurements are often difficult to analyse, because of problems with treating noise. A statistical analysis method for correction of laser fluctuations was developed to increase the precision of the temperature calculations. The results show that TLAF holds promise for temperature measurements in rich combustion, such as diesel engines, where other techniques have proven to fail. Drawbacks with the TLAF technique are that the probe volume is biased towards the post-flame zone and that seeding is required. The statistical analysis improved the precision considerably and is suitable for evaluation of other two-dimensional thermometry techniques. This paper also presents a critical review and comparison with alternatives, such as OH and NO thermometry.
其他 2008-05-25
燃气轮机,模型燃烧器,燃烧,合成气中速度场,浓度场检测方案(粒子图像测速)
A parameter study was conducted to characterize the combustion of a hydrogen-rich syngas fuel in swirl-stabilized flames in a gas turbine model combustor with optical access. Three thermal power-loadings were tested and equivalence ratio was varied in a range of Φ ≈ 0.4 - 0.6 by changing the fuel flow rates at constant air flow. Velocity, heat-release and flame zone shape were studied using optical diagnostics including PIV, OH-LIF and OH* chemiluminescence imaging. A main goal of this work was the establishment of an experimental data base for the validation of numerical simulations. The syngas burned stably and without significant thermo-acoustic oscillations at all operating conditions. The inner recirculation zone is identified as a key stabilization mechanism for this burner. This is consistent with previous studies for syngas mixtures with a high CO content in the same burner. Changes in equivalence ratio and the thermal power of the flame had only a small impact on the overall flame shape and the burning behavior.
其他 2008-02-16

柴油中颗粒粒径,体积分数检测方案(烟气分析仪)
During the last decade particulate matter emission regulation have mandated lower emissions. Future regulations (e.g. EURO 5) will require even lower vehicle emissions. A large reduction in total particulate mass will also create new problems in accurate measurement. Further the calibration of engine maps to interface with soot trap optimisation will require transient data which is certainly beyond current gravimetric procedures. Laser-Induced Incandescence is a technique capable of measuring accurately and near instantaneously particulate matter mass and soot primary particle diameter. LII offers as well the ability to operate in raw exhausts where hydrocarbon loading and vapours often affect other instruments. This poster presents the self-calibrated LII technique invented by the National Research Council, Canada and currently under development in collaboration with Cranfield University. We present measurements taken at Millbrook Proving Ground Emission Test Chamber on a Vauxhall Frontera® and a Dennis Dart® bus following the Euro 4 cycle procedure and the Millbrook London Bus Transport Cycle Procedure. This poster includes also a demonstration of real-time raw exhaust measurement between the exhaust and the particulate trap of a London Bus and a comparison with instruments available within the test facility. The
石油/化工 2009-12-27
羟基中多线羟基标志测速技术用于反应和非反应实验流体检测方案(粒子图像测速)
A new compact micro-lens optical system has been developed to produce a 7 x 7 multiline optical grid for Hydroxyl Tagging Velocimetry (HTV). These lines provide additional spatial information and aid the software tracking of the flowfield by increasing its resolution. Single-photon photodissociation of groundstate H2O by a ~193-nm ArF excimer laser “writes” a 7 x 7 beam molecular grid with very long gridlines of superequilibrium OH and H photoproducts in either room air flowfields or in H2-Air flames due to the presence of H2O vapor. The displaced OH tag lines’ positions are revealed through fluorescence by A2Σ+ (v′= 0) ← X2Πi (v″ = 0) OH excitation using a ~308 nm pulsed frequency-doubled dye laser. A time-of-flight software (DaVis 6.0 Stereo PIV/PTV, LaVision, GmbH) determines the instantaneous velocity field. HTV tag lifetime comparisons between experimental results and theoretical predictions are discussed.
石油/化工 2008-02-14
火焰,燃烧,碳烟中碳烟体积分数检测方案(烟气分析仪)
• IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme now focusing on emission estimation of aerosols relevant to climate change –there is a need to measure black carbon levels in the atmosphere at microgram per cubic metre or lower mass concentrations • emission standards for Diesel particulate matter (PM) are being lowered dramatically, resulting in the adoption of Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) by manufacturers –there is a need to measure solid carbon levels in the exhaust and in dilution tunnels at microgram per cubic metre or lower mass concentrations • develop high sensitivity LII to measure soot concentration at ambient levels for monitoring emissions from post-2007 Diesel engines, urban air quality, black carbon in atmosphere, and emissions from aircraft at altitude
石油/化工 2009-12-27
碳烟中体积分数,初级粒径检测方案(烟气分析仪)
Auto-Compensating LII (AC-LII) 􀁺 two-color pyrometry to determine the particle temperature — permits use of low-fluence — particles are kept below the sublimation temperature 􀁺 this new technique automatically compensates for any changes in the experimental conditions — fluctuations in local ambient temperature — variation in laser fluence — laser beam attenuation by the particulate matter — desorption of condensed volatile material AC-LII Features 􀁺in situ and nonintrusive 􀁺 signal is proportional to soot volume fraction 􀁺spatially resolved 􀁺 time resolved 􀁺 large measurement range — not limited by aggregate size 􀁺high precision and repeatability 􀁺 high speed data acquisition and analysis AC-LII Benefits 􀁺dilution of sample not required 􀁺stable measurement of elemental carbon 􀁺 insensitive to presence of other species 􀁺can operate at very low concentrations 􀁺real-time results 􀁺cycle-resolved measurements possible 􀁺can provide particulate morphology (size, size distribution, number density) when combined with scattering
石油/化工 2009-12-27

NOx,氮氧化物,光学透明发动机中光谱,浓度场,尾气排放,污染物检测方案(尾气检测)
Growing environmental concerns, such as global warming due to the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2 by automotive power plants, lead to the need for cleaner and fuel saving combustion systems. Direct injection combustion systems applied to the spark ignited engine might be a way to improve the efficiency particularly by reducing pumping and heat losses during part load while maintaining the advantages of high power density and engine speeds during high loads [Zhao, Lai et al., 1999]. Initially, wall guided combustion systems were pursued, but high hydrocarbon and soot emissions led to the investigation of spray guided systems. Here a higher degree of stratification is possible, which yields improved emissions [Drake, Fansler et al., 2004; Honda, Kawamoto et al., 2004]. Nonetheless, due to high oxygen availability and locally rich mixture, the nitric oxide formation is comparably high. This is detrimental as the widely employed exhaust aftertreatment by a three way catalytic converter is inefficient for overall lean mixtures. NO storage catalytic converters are widely employed, but require rich exhaust gas to reduce the stored NO. This is generated by operating the engine homogeneous-rich for a brief period of time, which of course comes with a fuel consumption penalty [Tamura, Kikuchi et al., 2001; Krebs, Pott et al., 2002]. A reduction of in-cylinder nitric oxide is desirable to minimize the number of regeneration cycles. Hence the understanding of in-cylinder NO formation is important, so that the necessary scientific background for improvement of the combustion system is provided. An assessment of the NO formation process inside the engine exclusively by drawing conclusions from engine out emissions is difficult, because of the highly inhomogeneous nature of the stratified charge combustion process. Also, due to high cyclic variability cycle resolved measurements are desirable, which conventional emissions analyzers are not capable of.
汽车及零部件 2008-04-19
高速直喷柴油燃烧系统,碳烟,一氧化碳,汽车发动机中减排方法,速度场检测方案(粒子图像测速)
The current direction for Diesel combustion system development is towards homogenization, in order to reduce particulate and NOx emissions. However, a strong increase of carbon monoxide emissions (CO) is frequently noted in combination with enhanced homogenization. Therefore, the current investigation focuses on a detailed analysis of the particulate - CO trade-off using a laser-optical and multidimensional CFD investigation of the combustion process of a swirl HSDI system. The CFD methodology involves reduced kinetics for soot formation and oxidation and a three-step CO model. These models are validated by a detailed comparison to optical measurements of flow, spray penetration and the spatial distribution of soot, temperature and oxygen concentration. The results obtained show that high concentrations of CO occur as an intermediate combustion reaction product. Subsequently, CO and soot are oxidized in large areas of the combustion chamber. In part load operation, CO emissions are mainly caused by dilution effects in the early phases of combustion. However, the engine’s soot emissions are caused by insufficient oxidization. Soot generation and oxidation are found to be strongly impacted by the slight non-homogeneity of the swirl motion. The gaseous emissions are not affected by the small differences in local flow, which are outlined further in the text.
汽车及零部件 2011-03-11
发动机,燃烧,柴油,喷射中浓度场,空燃比检测方案(尾气检测)
Development of Optical Diagnostic Techniques to Correlate Mixing and Auto-Ignition Processes in High Pressure Diesel Jets — A tracer laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique for the visualization of fuel distribution in the presence of oxygen was developed and then used sequentially with high speed chemiluminescence imaging to study the correlation between the mixing and auto-ignition processes of high pressure Diesel jets. A single hole common rail Diesel injector allowing high injection pressures up to 150 MPa was used. The reacting fuel spray was observed in a high pressure, high temperature cell that reproduces the thermodynamic conditions which exist in the combustion chamber of a Diesel engine during injection. Both free jet and flat wall impinging jet configurations were studied. Several tracers were first considered with the objective of developing a tracer-LIF technique in the presence of oxygen. 5-nonanone was selected for its higher fluorescence efficiency. This technique was subsequently combined with high speed chemiluminescence imaging to study the correlation between mixing and auto-ignition. In the free jet configuration and for the parameter range studied, it was found that auto-ignition is preferentially located in rich regions of the upstream mixing zone. Also, in the jet wall configuration, auto-ignition appears in the centre of the jet and propagates towards the periphery, in the vicinity of the wall.
汽车及零部件 2011-03-11
喷嘴中火焰浮起长度检测方案(尾气检测)
This paper reports on the experimental investigation of the flame lift-off length for five different orifice diameters (.0.100, .0.130, .0.160, .0.190, and .0.227 mm) of a diesel injector nozzle. The flame lift-off was determined from the measurement of 308 nm OH chemiluminescence for different fuel injection pressures using commercial diesel fuel and a Common Rail fuel injection equipment of passenger car size. The fuel injection pressures were 450, 900, and 1350 bar. The experiments were conducted at air pressures of 30, 50, 70, and 90 bar and at an air temperature of 750 K in a constant pressure spray chamber. It was observed that the flame lift-off length increases with increased injection pressure and increased orifice diameter.
汽车及零部件 2013-02-13

龙卷风中周围建筑物对龙卷风导致的底层建筑物风载荷的影响检测方案(粒子图像测速)
Low-rise buildings located in the urban areas are generally surrounded by buildings of similar size. The interference of surrounding buildings has been found to be significant on wind loads in straight-line winds. In this study, systematic experiments of tornado-induced wind loads and flow patterns around a typical low-rise gable-roof building with different layouts of surrounding buildings were carried out in a laboratory. Effects of spacing, height ratios of the surrounding buildings to the test building and specific building orientations were considered. The results indicate that the reduction of the horizontal load is caused by sheltering effect from the surrounding buildings. The uplift load, however, could increase or decrease dependent on building orientation, layout and the type of the surrounding buildings. The complicated flow patterns around the test building are discussed and correlated to the wind loads. This study would improve the understanding of tornado-induced loads on a low-rise gable-roof building
环保 2011-02-15
气体中温度场检测方案(工作站及软件)
谈到温度测量，人们自然会想到温度计，热电偶，红外热像仪等装置。但这些方法要么是介入式测量，要么是近似的，难以严格定量的测量。红外热像仪用的很多，但红外热像仪的问题在于只能测量物体表面的温度，并且因其测量原理基于普朗克黑体辐射定律，所以定量测量的准确度和被测对象的材料属性高度相关，需要复杂的标定修正过程。故这些方法，一般难于用到燃烧，流体等空气动力学研究对象的温度场测量中。气体温度场的光学非介入式测量具有广泛的应用需求。
环保 2018-08-14

空气中空化流动负反馈控制降阶模型的建立检测方案(粒子图像测速)
Controlling the flow over aerodynamic bodies has been a challenging problem for many years. Different open loop control techniques have been used in several flow configurations with some degree of success. However, in most cases the effectiveness of the controller is limited to the design conditions. In the present work, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is used to derive low dimensional models of the subsonic flow over a cavity, in an effort to develop a feedback control system that can control the characteristic of the flow field. The Galerkin method is used as an additional tool to capture the time evolution of the flow field, reducing the problem into a system of ordinary differential. The stochastic estimation method is then used to link the variables that can be physically measured with those involved in the model. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data and surface pressure measurement for the unforced flow (baseline) and for several open loop forcing conditions are used to derive the models.
航空航天 2011-02-14

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气体自由喷射的单次体视3维层析激光诱导荧光成像研究

Single-shot, tomographic imaging of the three-dimensional concentration field is demonstrated in a turbulent gaseous free jet in co-flow using volumetrically illuminated laser-induced fluorescence. The fourthharmonic output of an Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm is formed into a collimated 15 × 20 mm2 beam to excite the ground singlet state of acetone seeded into the central jet. Subsequent fluorescence is collected along eight lines of sight for tomographic reconstruction using a combination of stereoscopes optically coupled to four two-stage intensified CMOS cameras. The performance of the imaging system is evaluated and shown to be sufficient for recording instantaneous three-dimensional features with high signal-tonoise (130:1) and nominal spatial resolution of 0.6–1.5 mm at x/D = 7–15.5.

2803MB 2016-08-26
落到倾斜箔片上的液体薄膜流动的时间空间分辨热传导过程的实验研究

This paper describes the development of an experimental technique that combines simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and infrared (IR) thermography imaging, and its application to the measurement of unsteady and conjugate heat-transfer in harmonically forced, thin liquid-film flows falling under the action of gravity over an inclined electrically heated-foil substrate. Quantitative, spatiotemporally resolved and simultaneously conducted measurements are reported of the film thickness, film free-surface temperature, solid–liquid substrate interface temperature, and local/instantaneous heat flux exchanged with the heated substrate. Based on this information, local and instantaneous heat-transfer coefficients (HTCs) are recovered. Results concerning the local and instantaneous HTC and how this is correlated with the local and instantaneous film thickness suggest considerable heat-transfer enhancement relative to steady-flow predictions in the thinner film regions.

2829MB 2016-08-26
湍流预混钝体火焰引燃几率的模拟和实验研究

The ignition characteristics of a premixed bluff-body burner under lean conditions were investigated experimentally and numerically with a physical model focusing on ignition probability. Visualisation of the flame with a 5 kHz OH* chemiluminescence camera confirmed that successful ignitions were those associated with the movement of the kernel upstream, consistent with previous work on non-premixed systems. Performing many separate ignition trials at the same spark position and flow conditions resulted in a quantification of the ignition probability Pign, which was found to decrease with increasing distance downstream of the bluff body and a decrease in equivalence ratio. Flows corresponding to flames close to the blow-off limit could not be ignited, although such flames were stable if reached from a richer already ignited condition.

1273MB 2016-08-26
聚焦燃烧，光学测量解决方案

不断发展的工业和快速成长的全球化市场对初级能源供应的增加，可靠的本地化制造和灵活的公共交通运输都提出了与日俱增的需求。尽管可替代技术方兴未艾并日益获得关注，但传统的、通过燃烧获得动力的途径在未来数十年内仍将在能源结构中占有重要份额（参考下面“世界能源展望”图表）。伴随可再生能源日益强烈的冲击，产生动力和热量的燃料种类的多样性也得到了空前规模的扩展。此外，对能源利用效率和燃烧生成污染物控制的立法在逐步强化。对燃烧相关的复杂过程的深入而细致的理解将会促进相关测量技术的进步。而这将有助于应对当前能源领域的挑战并为未来发展储备所需技术。

4760MB 2012-07-30

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