Mechanically-induced combustion reactions were carried out in a transparent quartz vial. The combustion processes were followed by high-speed video recording and optical pyrometers. Depending on the vial dynamics, the powder particles were seen to gather in a periodic collective motion, behaving like a granular gas characterised by subsequent changes in its density. After ignition, a considerable increase of brightness was observed, due to the extremely rapid propagation of the high-temperature reaction to the whole mass of powder. Experimental observations ?nd a very good correlation if compared to the results of numerical calculations simulating the particle system dynamics. Balls and powder dynamics were reproduced according to a well-known visco-elastic force scheme, while chemical conversion of each powder particle was described by a conventional nucleation-and-growth kinetics. The propagation mechanism of the reaction was studied and related to the dynamic features of the whole system.

Like most carbide-based composites, the two main characteristics of alumina–tungsten carbide (Al2O3–WC) composites are high hardness and high wear resistance. These features confer the composites important engineering applications, in particular when they are used as cutting tools. The present research involved a study of Al2O3–WC nanometric powders obtained through reactive milling. In this process, high-energy milling promotes the reaction in a mixture of reactive powders. The material was milled in a high-energy SPEX 8000 Mixer/Mill, using WO3,Al and C precursor powders. The highly exothermic self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) type reaction was self-sustained, producing a temperature peak that was detected by a thermocouple attached to the external surface of the vessel. Using stoichiometric proportions of the reagents to reduce theWO3 and to obtainWC, and adding Al2O3 as diluent, the SHS reaction occurred up to a limit of 0.8mols of diluent, forming not only alumina but also aW2C mixture with littleWC. To obtain onlyWC it was required the addition of more than 0.8mols of C, which indicates that the reaction may have occurred through a gaseous phase reaction mechanism.

The electrochemical properties of amorphous MgNi-based hydrogen storage alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying MA were evaluated. The results show that these amorphous Mg Ni alloys exhibit a higher discharge capacity and relatively good rate capacity at 50 50 a suitable grinding time while their cycle life is very poor. In order to improve the cycle life, the surface of the amorphous Mg Ni 50 50 alloy was coated with Ti, Al and Zr in Spex 8000 millrmixer and the coating effects were further investigated. Based on experimental results, two kinds of MgNi-based amorphous alloys are designed by substituting part of Mg in MgNi-based alloys by suitable elements. These alloys are then composed of four components. Thus, the cycle life of electrodes consisting of these quaternary amorphous alloys is greatly improved. q2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

This study investigates the microstructural evolution during mechanical alloying of Mg and Ni, and during subsequent heat treatments of SPEX milled powders. The milling was performed under an inert argon atmosphere, employing two different ball-to-powder ratios (BPR): 10:1 and 20:1. It was observed that a large number of defects were produced during the ?rst hours of milling. These defects led to the amorphi- zation of part of the system, and promoted an extensive re?nement of the microstructure as well. Later on, the formation of the Mg2Ni compound due to the crystallization of the amorphous phase was observed. The microstructural details showed us that a possible complete sequence of phase transformations during milling of pure Mg and Ni could be: Mgc +Nic →Mgnc +Nic →amorphous + Ninc +Mgnc →amorphous +Ninc +Mg2Ninc →Mg2Ninc, where c and nc stand for crystalline and nanocrystalline, respectively. On the other hand, subsequent heat treatments of the milled powder showed that the amorphous phase could also be transformed into Mg2Ni by heating. Finally, the knowledge of the evolution of the microstructure during milling and annealing were combined to propose an optimal processing route to ef?ciently obtain the Mg2Ni compound.

摘要：本文描述一种快速有效的微波辅助固相合成方法，用以合成序列为WDTVRISFK的短肽，使用传统的Fmoc（9-芴氧羰基）/tBu（叔丁基）保护基策略。该合成方法是基于反应中的周期性脉冲微波辐射和间歇性冷却技术，在Fmoc保护基的脱除及偶联反应中均应用此技术。在应用微反应器技术后得到了高纯度和高收率的目标多肽。该反应在一个CEM单模微波反应器中进行，并且使用光纤进行连续测温。

通过固相合成技术（SPPS）合成一条在碳端含有巯甲基脯氨酸的多肽，并且在微波辐射下用3-巯基丙酸（MPA）水溶液进行硫酯交换。在25个氨基酸长的硫酯化糖肽的合成中，成功的应用了该硫酯交换反应，然后用硫酯的缩合方法合成了一条61个氨基酸长的糖肽。

本文描述一种快速有效的微波辅助固相合成方法，用以合成序列为WDTVRISFK的短肽，使用传统的Fmoc（9-芴氧羰基）/tBu（叔丁基）保护基策略。该合成方法是基于反应中的周期性脉冲微波辐射和间歇性冷却技术，在Fmoc保护基的脱除及偶联反应中均应用此技术。在应用微反应器技术后得到了高纯度和高收率的目标多肽。该反应在一个CEM单模微波反应器中进行，并且使用光纤进行连续测温。

CEM 微波系列装置可被广泛用于纸浆造纸各关键点控制，来提高过程控制管理水平并增加盈利。该设备可在生产车间使用，快速决定产品水分、固型物、灰分，或用于校正在线监测。这类仪器操作容易，只需简单培训，非常适用于生产人员使用。为了达到令人满意的过程控制和工序统计质量控制，快速、可信赖的分析结果是关键。

Problem: Extracting compounds from various samples using tradition-al methods involves some give and take. You can choose to use Soxhlet, which is relatively inexpensive for equipment but uses a tremendous amount of solvent and takes hours to run. Sonication is fast, but it also requires copious amounts of solvent and banks of individual sonicators (which also adds to the cost) if your lab handles more than a few samples a day. Pressurized solvent extrac-tion uses much less solvent, but only processes six samples per hour and the equipment is costly. Solution: Microwave extraction has been used for many years to extract compounds from plastics, biological samples, foods, animal feeds, paper, wastewater and many other types of samples. In early 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved Method 3546 for microwave extraction of organic compounds from soils, sludges and sediments. It is a proven technique that is fast, uses significantly less sol-vent than traditional techniques and is cost-effective.

本文采用微波酸水解和微波酶水解方法，建立了一套 检测腐败生物组织中吗啡的方法。 与传统方法相比大大缩短了时间，并能使吗啡与蛋白 充分解离。该方法具有快速，灵 敏度、精确度和准确度高的特点，适合大批量腐败生 物检材的标准化分析测定，并成 功应用与一些案例的检测工作，取得了良好的结果。 关键词：微波酸水解，微波酶水解，腐败生物组织， 吗啡

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(全麦饼干) 样品：全麦饼干 消解罐：HP500，4个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(巧克力) 样品：巧克力 消解罐：HP500，7个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(咖啡豆) 样品：咖啡豆 消解罐：HP500，3个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(饲料) 样品：饲料 消解罐：HP500，4个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(意大利面) 样品：意大利面 消解罐：HP500，7个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(木材纸浆) 样品：木材纸浆 消解罐：HP500，6个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(肉) 样品：肉 消解罐：HP500，12个 试剂：盐酸，石油醚 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS微波消解方法(蔬菜) 样品： 新鲜蔬菜（土豆，胡萝卜等） 消解罐：HP500罐，8个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量：1g 仪器条件：MARS 操作过程推荐： 加10ml硝酸 控制模式：升温

样品： 蛋黄酱 消解罐：Xpress罐，75ml,8个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品类型：有机 样品量：0.5g 仪器条件：MARSxpress带Reacti-Guard全罐压力控制和双光路温度控制 操作过程推荐： 加10ml硝酸

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(面粉) 样品：面粉 消解罐：HP500，12个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(牛肉条) 样品：牛肉条 消解罐：HP500，7个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS微波消解方法(头发) 样品：头发 消解罐：HP500，6个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(血液) 样品：血液 消解罐：HP500，6个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 1g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(奶粉) 样品：奶粉 消解罐：HP500，4个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(番茄酱) 样品：番茄酱 消解罐：HP500，4个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 2.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS微波消解方法( 大豆粉) 样品：大豆粉 消解罐：HP500，3个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 0.5g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(熏肠) 品：熏肠 消解罐：HP500，12个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 1g 仪器条件：MARS

CEM MARS 微波消解方法(葡萄酒) 样品：葡萄酒（酒精含量10%左右） 消解罐：HP500，2个 试剂：70%硝酸 样品量： 5g 仪器条件：MARS

由加拿大环保局和美国CEM共同开发的MARSX快速微波溶剂萃取技术，是世界上唯一专利的微波萃取技术，也是唯一符合美国EPA3546方法的仪器。MARSX获98年度全美R&D100大奖，低功率先行非脉冲微波磁控管技术实现连续高精确过程控制反应，MARSX利用闭环反馈控制技术，通过高精度高频率的温压控制系统精确调节微波能量输出激发极性试剂，并且内置CARBOFLON加热和极化非极性试剂，实现了快速完全的样品萃取制备，大大提高了现代气/液相色谱测定精度和效率。其主要特点是: 快速, 安全，批量大，样品量大，节省溶剂，污染小。

汞即使在痕量水平也是有毒性的,并会引起神经系统损伤,胎儿和小孩尤其容易收到影响。如今，汞污染了大多数的食物链，正成为一个全球性的问题。因此，为了保证肉类及其产品的安全性，使用灵敏方法广泛的对食物进行检测是非常必要的。